Elastic-fluid turbine.



No. 833.305. PATENTED OGT.16, 1906 0. w. DAKE. I ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905.

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Arm/Mrs For 8133,305-

PATENTED OCT. 16, 1906. 0. W. DAKE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905.

9 SHEETS-$111121 2.

- Min/8858: 5%! a 5 IN E R 2; AWE/VH5 No. 833,305. PATENTED OCT. 1-6, 1906.

G. W, DAKE.

I ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE. AIPLIOATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905.

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0. w. DAKB] ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION IILED NOV. 29. 1906.

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No 333,305. PATENTED 0GT.16, 1906.

0. w. YDAKB. v ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905.

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wZT h W M ATTORNEY) No. 833,805. PATENTBD OCT. 16, 1906.

O. W. DAKE. 4 ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905 9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

Arm/mm ITZ8ES: I I Q ITJ%OR No. 833,305. PATENTED OCT. 16, 1906.

G. W. DAKE.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905.

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WITNESSES:

X41 5 ZMM%J By "M/ Arron/m! PATENTED OCT. 16, 1906.

-0. W. DAKE. ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

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CHARLES W. DAKE. OF GRAND" RAPIDS, MICHlGAN ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed Nov jainber 9, 1905. s mi No. asaes Patented Oct. 1c, 1906;

To ctZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLESAW; DAKE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Grand Rapids, county of Kent, State of have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Elastic-Fluid Turwhich the following is a specification. I

This invention relates to improvements in elastic fiuid turbines. i

The objects of this invention are, first, to

increase the efiiciency of an elastic-fluid turbine of a given size second, to iproduce an eifectivefelastic-fiuid turbine o comparatively small size and provide a structure Well adapted to such smaller sizes which shall be economical in use; third, possible in an elastic-fluid turbine both the" to utilize as fully as direct and expansive force of the fluid; fourth, toprovide an improved means for/the utilization of the expansion and 'of compoundin in a comparatively small elasticine utilizin a single disk; fifth, to

for expansion as the exthrough the engine or utilize the expansive force the revolving wheel advances the buckets which'receive the expansive fluid, wheel receives the expansive its entire revolution; seventh,

pansive fluid travels turbine; sixth, to of the fluid-as force during to provide an improved'form of bucket and improved nozzle arrangement; eighth, to provide an improved form of bucket and form and arrangement of ad'acent parts to avoid unnecessary space an effectively utilizethe jets; ninth, to provide an improved. construction and arrangement'jof parts whereby the .various parts may bereadily formed by machinery, thereb insuring great accuracy and speed in manu acture; tenth, to provide an general arrangement of parts whereby accuracy of adjustment and accessibility of parts, both internal and external, is secured, and, eleventh, to provide in an elas tic-fluid turbine an improved casing with series of expansive chambers.

Further objects and objects relating to details of construction-will more fully appear from the detailed description to follow.

I accomplish theobjectsof this invention by the devices and means described in "the following specification.

The invention is clearly defined, and pointed out in the claims. w l

, with A 'necting-passages,

The objects of my invention are accomplished by the devices and mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, form? ing a part of this specification, in whichvertical detail longitu igure 1 is a central dinal sectional elevation view taken on line corresponding to line I 1 of Figs. 6, 8, 9, 10, and 1a. a portion of the face of the wheel, showing the arrangement of the buckets. Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the curved line m a: of Fig. 2;, showing the cross-sectional viewand arrangement of the buckets in relation to each other. Fig. 4 is a further detail sectional view through the wheel and rings, taken on a line corresponding to irregular line 2 z of Fig. 3, showing the preferred construction with rounded rings. Fig-5 is a Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view of i similar sectional view showing the structure flat rings. thespecially-formed ringsremoved from the Fig. 6'is a detail face view of l casing. ,Fig. 7 1s a peripheral view of the said rings with the wheel or disk between. Fig. 8 is a detail sectional View, portions being broken away, taken ona line corresponding to line y y of Fig. 1' looking toward'the left,

showing the arran ement and connection of the chambers in t e casing and the nozzlesand exit-passages in the rings. 4 Fig. 9 is a detail view, partly and wheel removed from the casing, taken on a line corresponding to line 3/ yof Fig. 1;

in section, of the rings the flange of the ring 0 only being sectioned,

looking toward the leftthrou h the rings against the wheel. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the left-hand casing B removed looking toward the face, showing the nozzles and conthe rings being position, the chambers being indicated by dotted lines. Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken on a line corresponding to line y y of of a modification,

Fig. 1, showing a different method of distributing the high-pressure steam to the different points on the wheel by dividing it .into

three passages at the beginning, also showing a method of increasin theareaof the nozzles by increasing the W dth of the expansion over the high-pressure nozzles. 'IFig. 1'2

. is a detail face view of the left-hand casing B with the rings removed, showing the arrangement of the chambers and-other parts.

Referring to the lettered 1 parts of thedraw .ings, the casing consists o a comparatively heavy casing-ring A, which is supported in position on a suitable base H. Side pieces B B of special construction, hereinafter to be described, are secured to the opposite sides of the ring A and complete the casing. A suitable flange Q is preferably located at the top of this ring for connecting the source of supply, as a steam-boiler, to the engine. The passage L extends from and through this flange, branching in the ring of the casing to deliver the expansive fluid at three different points equidistant around the casing through short passages s 8 This is shown modified and madeinto three separate passages L in Fig. 11, such modification being preserved and illustrated in Fig. 8. An exhaust V is through the bottomof-the ring down through into the base H, an exhaust-passage W leading out of this base to the outside air or to a condenser, as preferred.

Suitable bearing-boxes F and G are provided for supporting the shaft E of the engine. These boxingsare.supported by sides B B of the casing, being connected by suitable brackets. The boxing G at the left of Fig. 1 has no means for adjusting the shaft longitudinally; but the shaft is permitted free movement longitudinally therein, so

' that the adjusting means in the boxing F is free to act upon the shaft and secure its proper adjustment,

Within the boxlng F is a bushing L with a downwardly-extending arm b extending down into a chamber beneath the boxing. This chamber has a suitable drainageopening 0 for drawing off the lubricating-oil to return it through the aperture 0 at the top of the hearing. The bushing is adjustable by a pair of screws 1) b arranged parallel with the shaft E, the screws being side by side, as indicated in Fig. 8, so that one screw can be loosened and the opposite one tightened and direction of the axis of the shaft.

the bushing be moved longitudinally in the The bushing rests in this boxing on suitably-prepared ways or plane surface, so that it can be thus readily adjusted. Oil-passages are cut into the casing just under the bushing, as clearly appears in Fig. 1. A shoulder is cut on the shaft E, and a thrust-collar F is crowdedup against theshoulder, the bushing contacting with this collar in effecting the adjustment of the shaft in relation to the casing. The outer end of the shaft is provided with a screw-threaded collar 9 which screws up ,to a proper fit against the end of the bushingl to permit the free rotation of the shaft and retain the shaft against end play in the bushing. This screw threaded collar is then looked in position by .a lock-nut 9 being screwed up tight against it.

Acoupling-fiange J, with the usual notch J, is on the outer end of the shaft.

A suitable flange,.c omparatively broad, is formed on the middle portion of the shaft E for securing the turbine-wheel thereto, the

wheel being carefully fitted to the said flange and retained by suitable bolts therethrough, as clearly appears in Fig. 1.

The turbine disk or wheel D is doublefaced and is in the preferred form shown provided with three concentric rings of buckets on eachface, although, of course, this number of rings of buckets can be varied and a the opposite faces of the disk by a circular milling tool set at an acute angle of about twenty degrees, the form of the same being clearly indicated in Fig. 2, where an enlarged detail of the same is shown. The milling-tool is not a portion of a true cylinder, but has a projecting lip at one side which gives a slightly irregular cross-section, the outer side being a little deeper cut, as clearly appears in Fig. 3. This configuration secures an opening into the face of the bucket on a substantially straight line coinciding with the circle of the margin buckets. This structure secures a'turbine disk or wheel of a single continuous piece of met-a1, so that there are no joints or arts to work loose. I am aware that wals of separate pieces,

which to a certain extent, overlap, are illustrated in the prior patent to E. C. Terry, October 13, 1903, No. 741,385; but that structure does not show any ofthe advantages of the integral construction or of this-arrangement in securing compactness in the device.

It will be seen by a reference to Fig. 3 that each bucket extends beyond the center of the disk, but being placed at an angle they can be staggered so that it is possible to put in the buckets in a comparatively thin turbine wheel or disk, and it will be noted that as these buckets are cut into the face of the turbine-disk at an angle they are overlapped, by

which means a very large number of buckets can be put into a comparatively thin wheel and the frequency of the impulses of the jets in operation thereby very greatly increased, so t at while this improved elasticfiuid-turbine engineoperates by a series of impulses those impulses are substantially continuous.

This turbine-wheel is sli htly less in diameter than the interior of the casing-ring,

thereby forming a slight open space entirely around the disk at this point, certainly insurmg no friction between the parts. A small drainageevent o is at the bottom to permit of the discharge of any moisture of.

condensation that may find its way into this art.

The three concentric rows of buckets of the structure that I have illustrated extend o ing clearly indicate 50 .the discharge from the buckets.

W 5 close to the face of the disk at its periphery,

and then the main portion of the casing extends outwardly and thence toward the central portion, coming into close relationto the face of the disks at P P and at P P on oppo- :0 site sides thereof within the circle of the inner rows of buckets. There is no contact between the casing and disk; but the partsare arranged as close as possible without contact.

The casings B B on each side are provided with suitable supply and expansion chamhers, from which the elastic fluid is delivered under pressure through suitable nozzles to the buckets and eventually discharges into suitable chambers .in said casing, which exhaust-chambers are connected by passages U and V to the hollow base and-are thence conveyed away or are taken to a suitable condenser.

Nozzles are formed on the edges of suit- 2 5 able, rings, which when the rings are assembled together concentrically complete the walls of the nozzles. These rings are indicated by the reference-letters M, N, and O and M, N, and O, reipectively, such rings bethe rings, with the turbine-disk interposed, appearing in Fig. 7.

- A portion of each' ring is conformed to fit into the annular groove of its corresponding 5 ring of buckets on the turbine-disk, and the periphery is cut into at intervals obliquely, as ap ears in Fig. 7, forming kerfs through the e ge, which, it is obvious, can be ,done by a suitable machine, these kerfs when the 0 ring is in place in the casing forming a series of nozzles "extending entirely around the turbine-disk, although, of course, if these series of nozzles only extend a part of the way they would serve their function as far as they did extend.

Just within the rounded projecting portion of each ring and corresponding to the discharge end of the particular ring of buckets openings are cut 'through the, rings for As it is the purpose here to let the elastic ,fiuid pass after it has in a measure done its 1 work, the particular care with which the openings are constructedis not material, and

it does not matter about their being accuratel machined in any particular. They should be smooth andample. These exhaust openings, however, are of different dimensions, corresponding to the dimensions 66 of the chambers within the casing to which the elastic fluid is to be delivered on its way through the engine, these being specifically" lettered in each group as c c" c in Fig.6 of.

the drawings, and the particular nozzle-pas- 6:5 sages "corresponding to these outlet-openings showing the relation of these *nection between them in Fig. 6, the edges ofstance.

are lettered a for the passage 0, a for the passage c, andaf for the passages c, g for pas sages K and u for exhaust r in each instance, arts to each other by this special lettering, a though there is no especial or material difference between the various nozzles formed in the peripheries of the rings. This completes the description of these rings, 7

It will be observed that the convex portion of each ring fits in the groove or concave part of each ring of buckets in the disk. By this means the size of the buckets, so far as the volume of elastic fluid that they will consume is concerned, is greatlymeduced, and the jets of 'elastic fluid will be confined and will deliver with full force directly into the specially-formed buckets, thereby greatly utilizing the energy to be developed by the expansion of spch elastic fluid.

In the casing theinlet chambers or passages and the expansion chambers or passages and the exhaust chamber or passage are all separated and completed except for the conthrough the buckets by the locating and the securing of the rings therein, so that it will be seen that when these rings are completed and in position they present substantially all of the finished surface that comes inproximity to the turbine, the exception being the points where the outer casing approaches the sides of the turbine wheel or disk, as I have hereinbefore indicated.

u The outer ring M fits at its periphery within an inwardly-projecting flange of the casing, the eriphery of the ring N fits within the ring ii, and these rings are secured to the casing by screws therethrough or by any other suitable means. The central ring 0 is not extended and provided witl1,outletpassages therethrough; but an annular flange 0' extends outwardly therefrom and is secured by suitable bolts to. the casingshell, the extension on these flanges O and 0 not being necessary to'form the discharge passages and to fit the parts to a concentric ring, because it is the innermost ring of each series. I

The relations of the nozzles and the passages to the buckets most clearly appear in Fig. 9, the buckets on the turbine-disk being illustrated back of the rin s in each in- The relations of t e nozzles and of outlets from .the buckets also appear in Figs. 4 and 5, where the overlap ing of the buckets from opposite sides a so clearly appears. I y

Considering the casings B B, it will be remembered that the rings close and separate the expansion-chambers and the exh austchambers so the are connected to each other successively on y through the buckets of the turbine-disk. The casing sides B B are increasing the efficiency and more completely each divided into these parts having a series of chambers exactly similar, increasing in size from the inlet in the casing to the outlet or exhaust at the center, the inner expansion, chamber and the exhaust being common to the three series. These chambers extend spirally around the casings, the smallest in each group being indicated by letter d and ing-ring, down through the base, as before in-' dicated, ext ending inwardly from the casingplates B B or flange k, which are fitted with suitable packing devices k to-preventthe passage of water or elastic fluid along the shaft toward the bearings, thereby preventing waste and in the use. of steam preventing undue heating of these bearing parts. By the arrangement of 'these expansion chambers and exhaustchambers as indicated. it is obvious from the event of steam being the motivev fluid that it does not come in contactwith the 'axle or bearing parts, except as some slight leakage may occur, and consequently one of these parts become unduly heated. Further than this, the fluid, of whatever description, is delivered well towa d the peripheries of the disk,- where its power will be exerted to the best advantage.

Having thus described the various parts and indicated their arrangement in my improved elastic-fl'uid turbine, I will now indicate its operation by pointing out definitely the progress of any expansive fluid, as steam, that may pass through it. In the description of this operation I will refer to the expansive fluidin this connection as steam for greater convenience and speed in describing such-"operation.

The steam enters from a suitable supply through the passage L and is distributed thereby to the three equidistant points around the circumference of the turbine, passing from the ring outwardly at each side through the passages s and s to each of the sections of the casing referred to. The steam then passes through the passa es'T and T direct to the highpressure nozz es a and a of each section. The steam is there delivered at two nozzles on each sidein each section, the jets being projected obliquely into the buckets b and 6. Owing to the shape of the cross-section of the buckets and their ar rangeinent, the steam is delivered directly into the same without being'in any Way imhand, the bucket exactly corresponds and fits'the nozzle, so that there is no waste from a jet of steam passing into a bucket that is too large. w The steam is confined at this point by the convex ring onthe casing, so that it is projected strongly against the bottom of the bucket and reacts strongly when it passes from the bucket through the discharge-passages c therefrom. The steam enters the first expansion-chamber d, and from this expansion-chamber d it passes through the nozzles a, three in number, thence through buckets in the side of the wheel, the same as in the first instance, and into, the next expansion-chamber d", and from suchexpansion-chamber it again discharges through four nozzles (1, these nozzles in the rings being most clearly illustrated in Fig. 9 and are also indicated by the lettering in Fig. 6. The steam passing through the-buckets from these nozzles a" passes out into the expansion-chambers k, whence it is delivered to the second row or ring of buckets through three separate groups of nozzles g, where they act upon the buckets of the second row of buckets,..the same as the jets have heretofore acted upon the first row of buckets. From these no'zzles'after passing through the buckets the steam is discharged into central common expansionchambers m and m andfrom these chambers is delivered through the low-pressure expansion-nozzles N W, passing through the entire circle of buckets of the inner ring of buckets simultaneously and thence out around this inner ring into the exhaustchambers r and '1". These exhaust-chambers r and r extend up to nearly the full diameter of the sides of the casing, forming an insulation to prevent condensation within the engine and preserve an even distribution of the temperature to avoid warping and consequent rubbing andrfrict-ion of the parts.

These exhaust-chambers are annular, ex-

tending as completely within the exterior of peded by projecting parts, and, on the other the casing as possible to conserve the heat and avoid Warping, and the steam passes from this chamber down through the passages U and V into the base, from whence the same passes to the open air through the exhaust-opening W or to a suitable con-' denser, where a condenser is made use of. It will be seen from this' that in this singledisk turbine the steam passes inwardly from the periphery of the turbine-disk, acting strongest at its periphery where the high pressureof the ste in is delivered and ex panding toward the center into expansionchambers of successively-increasing volume, whereby as the pressure of the steam is reduced'by the expansion it-will be permitted to act more effectively on the slower-moving parts of the disk nearer the center, thereby securing an equaland even distribution of the power to be obtained therefrom. It will also be noted that with this arrangement leakage is almost entirely obviated, because the slight condensation between the parts will be held outward by the centrifugal force of the revolvin disk and in that wav counteract the ten ency of the elastic fluid or turbine-disk thethrust of the shaft in either direction is minimized, so that the friction is reduced as low as possible on the thrust-bearing, it only being the function of such thrustbearing for such parts to hold the wheel exactlyin position, as there is substantially no strain upon the turbine-disk to displace it bei tween the casings and nozzle I havenot shown any governor inconnection with my improved engine, but such could be attached to the short end of a shaft and be applied ,in the ordinary wa for governing steam-engines, although prefer a special governor which I have invented for use 1n this connection which will be found described in patent application concurrent herewith.

While I have described mv. improved elastic turbine in-detail and at length in the exact form which it seems to me is most practical and of greatest utility, I desire to remark that I have incidentally indicated modifications.

The sides ofthe disk might be left flat with out the projecting rounded portions of. the ring enterin into the annular grooves in the rings or buc ets, thereby of course eliminating that feature and produce a very effective machine. This modification is indicated in Fi 5.

It is'obvious also that a single row ofgbuck- 'ets with a sin le row of nozzles of the kind that I have il ustrated in groups would be very effective so far as it went also, that the buckets might be confined to one side of the turbineedisk.

Obviously also the entire structure might be arranged with the shaft in a vertical position, a special base being preferably provided when the same is arranged in thisposition, althou h of course in small sizes the 'base H mi ht be utilized as a bracket.

' ther modifications and modifications'of details will no doubt readily occur to those skilled in the art to which this invention perets upon the face of said wheel, a stationa formed chambers of varying capacities, sta v tionary rings supported in the stationary casing and provided with a series of nozzles having openings leading from the said chambers increasim so that the volume of steam fed to the buc kets through the nozzles suc cessivelyincreases as the wheel rotates to one row of buckets, and. subsequently to another row of said buckets.

2. In combination with a turbine-wheel provided with a series of rows of buckets in the face of the. said wheel, a stationary casing having rows of chambers of varying'capacities, a stationary ring secured to the stationary casing of the engine and provided with a series of nozzles having openings leading from the said chambers increasing so that the volume of steam fed to the buckets through the nozzles successively increases as the wheel rotates to one row of buckets, and subsequently to another row of said buckets.

3. In combination with a rotating wheel series of curved buckets b and a series of curved buckets p, a stationary ring M secured to the case and a stationary ring 0 secured to the case, the ring M provided with a series of nozzlesadapted to feed the steam in increasing volume to the wheel as it revolves, \and the ring 0 rovided with a series 'of nozzles ada ted to fhed the steam simultaneously to the uckets p before said steam is expelled from the engine. I

i 4. In a turbine-engine, the combination of the inclosing casing having separated rows of chambers .of varying capacities, a revolving wheel provided v with a plurality of rows of curved buckets in the face thereof so" as to overlap each other, nozzles for feeding the steam successively'into one row of the said. curved buckets and subsequently to another from the said buckets.

5. In combination with aturbine-wheel mounted in a case, having a plurality of separated rows of chambers spirally formed of varying capacities, a pluraht ofrows of curved buckets arranged on the ace of said wheel, inlet-passages leading from the said chain-- ers and registering with the :rows of buckets for feed ing'the steam thereto and steam-passages for the discharge of the steam. 6. In combination with a turbine-wheel having separated rows of buckets, .a casing mounted within a case and provided with a wheel, a plurality of separated rows of buck- Y casing therefor having separated spirallyrow, and steam passages for taking the steam g an exhaust-chamber? extending from the therefor having a plurality of spirally-formed chambers of varying capacities, means for 'feedingsteam to one row of buckets in increasing volume, an auxiliary chamber communicating with one of the first-mentioned chambers, means for feeding steam from the auxiliary chamber to the last row of buckets in increasing volume and steam-passages for removing the steam from the engine.

7. In a turbine-engine, the combination with a supported case having separated rows of chambers spirally formed of varying capacities, a turbine wheel-mounted therebn and provided with rows of buckets, having com munication with the respective rows of chan1 'bers at least one row of buckets having communication with a discharge-port of the englue and adjustable bearings for the shaft of the said wheel.

8. In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a base H; a ring-casing A with sides B Btherefor with passages for distributing the steam to different points in the circumference of the said casing 7 series of chambers e,-Z, and m within the casing sides;

center of said casing outwardly within the outer shell, to-embrace and insulate the internal parts by a jacket of the fluid; an inletpassage S and T to supply the outer row or series ofnozzles; a centrally-located shaft with a flange thereon; a turbine-wheel D with concentric rows of annular buckets b, h, and p'thereon, such buckets being U-shaped, semicircular in cross-section, an annular groove being formed through each series thereon and each bucket being recurved to receive the impulse from a nozzle at one side and to be advanced by the reaction of the fluid from the other-side, secured to said flan e means for adjusting the bearing of the disk to control its relation to the said noz-. zles and rings; nozzle-rings M and N adapted to be secured to the casing side B having noz zles a and 9 formed on the peripheries thereof .by diagonal kerfs therein, the face sides conformed to fit .the annular grooves of said buckets, and having exit-passages c and 7c through the inner part=of said rings and leading from the inner sides of said rows of buckets; a ring 0 with a suitable flange O" for securing the same in place, having nozzles 'n formed around its periphery and being of such dimension as to leave the inner sides of leading into the exhaust-chamber r; and

the inner ring of buckets open to form a con tinuous circular exit-passage at the center passages fro'nrthe exhaust-chamber to the exhaust-passages U V to the base, coacting as specified.

9. In an elastic flu'id turbine-engine, the

combination of a 'base H; a ring-casing A with sides B B therefor with passages for dis- --.t1'ibuting,the steam to different pomts in ,the

6"; circumference of the-said casing-series of side B havin an exhaust-chamber r; an inlet-passage S and T to supply the outer row or series of nozzles; a centra ly-located shaft; a turbine-wheel D with concentric rows of annular buckets b h and p thereon, such buckets being U-shaped, semicircular in cross section, an annular groove being formed through each series thereon and each bucket being recurved to receive the impulse from a nozzle at one side and to be advanced by the reaction of the fluid from the other side; means for adjusting the bearing of the diskto control its relation to the said nozzles and rings; nozzle-rings M and N adapted to besecured to the casing nozzles a and g formed on the perlplheriestliereof by diagonal kerfs therem, t e face sides conformed to fit the annular grooves of said buckets and having exitpassages c and k through the inner part of said rings and leading from the inner sides of said rows of buckets; and a ring 0 with a suitable flange 0" for securing the same in place, having nozzles n formed around its eriphery and being'of such dimension as to eave the inner sides of the inner ring of buckets open to form a continuous circular exit-passage at V an exhaust-chamber 1' extending from the center of said casing outwardly within the outer shell, toembrace andinsulate the internal parts b a jacket of the fluid; an inletpassage S an T to supplythe outer row or series of nozzles; a centrally-located shaft with'a flange thereon; a turbine-wheel l).

with concentric rows of annular buckets b if and p thereon, such-buckets being u-shaped, semicircular in cross-section, an annular groove being formed through each series thereon and each bucket being recurved to receive.the impulse from a nozzle at one side and to be advanced by the reaction of the fluid from the other side secured to said flange; means for adjusting the bearing of the disk to control its relation to the said nozzle and rings; and nozzle-rings M and N adapted to be secured to the casing side B having nozzles q;and 9 formed on the peripheries thereof by diagonal kerfs therein, the-face sides conformed to fit the annular IIO grooves of said buckets and having exit-pas- 11. ,In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the

combination of a base H; a ring-casing A with sides B B therefor with passagesfor distributing the steam to different points 1n the circumference of the said casing; series 4 of chambers e, Z and m within the casing sides;

an exhaust-chamber r'extending from the center ofisaid casing outwardly within the :o'uter shell, to embrace and insulate the internal parts b a jacket of the fluid an inletrings M and N adapted to be secured to the casing side B having nozzles a and 9 formed on the peri heries-thereof by diagonal kerfs therein and having exit-passages c and 7c through the inner part of said rings-and leading from the inner sides of said rows of buck ets; and a ring 0 with a suitable flange O for securing the same in place, having nozzles it formed around its eriphery and being of such dimension as to l ave the inner sides of the inner ring of buckets opento form a continuous circular exit-passa e at thecenter leading into the exhaust-c amber 1; coacting for the urpose specified.

12. In an e astrc-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a base H; a ring-casing A with sides B B therefor with passages for distributingv the steam; chambers e, Z and m within the casing sides; an exhaust-chamber 1' extending from thecenter of said casing outwardly within the outer shell, to embrace Y and insulate the internal parts by a jacket of the fluid; an inlet-passage S and T to sup ly the outer row'or series of nozzles; a central l located shaft wth a flange thereon; a turbine-wheel D with concentric rows of annu lar buckets b h and p thereonfsuch buckets being U-shaped, semicircular in cross-section, an annular groove being formed through each series thereon and each bucketbeing recurved to receive the impulse from a nozzle at one side and to be advanced by the reaction of the fluid from the other side, secured to said flange; means for adjusting the bear- 5Q adapted to be secured to the casing side B ing of the disk to control its relation to the said nozzles and rings; nozzle-rings M and N having nozzles a and 9 formed on the periph eries thereof by diagonal kerfs therein, the

face sides conformed to fit the annular grooves of said buckets and having exit-passages'c and is through the inner part of said rings and leading from the inner sides of said rows of buckets; a ring 0 with a suitable flange O for securing the same'in place, having nozzles n formed around its eriphery and being of such dimensionv as to cave the inner sides of the inner ring of buckets open to form a continuous circular exit-passage at the center leading into the exhaust-chamber r; and passages Whom the exhaust-chamber to the exhaust-passages U V to the base, co:

acting as specified.

13. In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a base H; a ring-casing A with sides B B therefor with passages for distributing the steam; series of chambers e, Z

chamber 1'; an inlet-passage S and T to sup-- ply the outer row or series of nozzles a centrally-located shaft; a turbine-wheel D with concentric rows of annular buckets b h and thereon, such buckets being U-shaped, senilcircular in cross-section, an annular groove beingformed through each series thereon and each bucket being recurved to receive the imand m within the casing sides; an exhauste pulse from a nozzle at one side and to be advanced by the reaction of the fluid from the ,other side; means for adjusting the bearin of the disk to control its relation to the sai nozzles and rings; nozzle-rings M and N adapted to be secured to the casing side B having nozzles a and 9 formed on the periphe'rles thereof by diagonal kerfs therein the face sides conformed to fit the annular grooves of said buckets and having exit-passages c and 7a through the inner part ofsaid rings and leading from the inner sides of said rows of buckets; and a ring 0 with a suitable flange O for securing the same in place, having nozzles n formed around its periphery and b'elng of such dnnension as to leave the inner sides of the inner ring of buckets open to form acontinuous circular exit-passage at the center leading into the exhaust-chamber r, coacting as specified.

- 14. In anelastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a base H; a rihg-casing A with sides B B therefor with passages for distributing the steam; series of chambers e, l and m Within the casing sides; an exhaustchamber 1" extendin from the center of,said

embrace and insulate the internal parts by a jacket of the fluid; an inlet-passage S andT to supply the outer row or series of nozzles; a

casing outwardly within the outer shell, to

IIO

centrally-located shaft with a flange thereon; a turbine-Wheel D with concentric rows of annular buckets b, h and p thereon, such buckets being U -shaped, semlclrcular 1n cross-sect1on, an annular groove being formed through each series thereon and each bucket being recurved to receive the impulse from a nozzle at one side and to be advanced by the reaction of the fluid from the other side, se cured to said'flan e; means for adjusting the bearing of the dis to control its relation to the said nozzles and rings; nozzle rings M- and N adapted to be secured to the casing.

'side B having'nozzles a and 9 formed on the peripheries thereof by diagonal kerfs therein, the face sides conformed to fit the annular grooves of said buckets, and having exit-passages c and in through the inner part'of said rings and leading from the inner sides of said rows of buckets and a ring 0 with a suitable flange O for securing the same in place, having nozzles n formed around its periphery and being of such dimension as to leave the inner sides of the inner ring of buckets open to 5 form a continuous circular exit-passage at the center leading into the exhaust-chamber 1'; coacting as specified.

15. In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a base H; a ring-casing A to with sides B B therefor With'passages for distributing the steam; seriesof chambers e, Z and m within the casing sides; an exhaustchamber 1- extendin from the center of said casing outwardly within the outer shell, to

[5 embrace and insulate the internal parts by a jacket of the fluid; an inlet -passa e S and T to supply the outer row orv series nozzles; a centrally-located shaft with a flange thereon; a turbine-Wheel D with concentric rows of :0 annular buckets b h and p thereon, such buckets being U-shaped, semicircular in cross-section; means for adjusting the bearing of the disk'to control its relation to the said nozzles and rings; nozzle-rings M and N adapted to be secured to the casing side B havin nozzles a and g formed on the peripheries thereof by diagonal kerfs therein and having exitpassages c and it through the inner part of said rings and leading from the inner sides of :0 said rows of buckets; and a rin O with a suitable flange O for securing t e same in place, having nozzles n formed around its periphery and being of suchdimension as to leave the inner sides of the inner ring of buck- {5 lets open to form a continuous circular exitpassage at the centerleadiiig into the exhaustchamber r, coacting as s ecified.

16. In an elastic-flui turbineengine, the combination of a turbine-Wheel with a series 0 of recurved buckets on its face; a casin'gwith a series of chambers thereon, increaslng in size in the direction of the flow of the fluid; nozzle-passages leading to the buckets from said chambers with exit-passages leading 5 from the buckets to the chambers successively; and an increasing nuniber of nozzlepassages from the sucessive chambers, whereby the elastic fluid in its advance around the wheel will expand and its expansive force will 0 be utilized. l7. In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a turbine-wheel with a series of recurved buckets on its opposite face; a casing with a series'of chambers thereon, in- 5 creaslng in size in the direction of the flow \of the fluid; nozzle-passages leading to the buckets from said chambers with exit-passages leading from the buckets to the chambers successively; and an increasing number s of nozzle-passages leading from the successive chambers, whereby the elastic fluid in its advance around the wheel will expand and its expansive force will be utilized,

18. In a turbine-engine, the combination ring for the-casin conforming to the said combination of a suitable casin wit chambeing formed by suitable oblique kerfs ont'he" of a suitable disk with a plurality of rows of '6 5 buckets on its face; a casing embracing the same, with chambers formed therein, increasing in capacity in the direction of the flow of the steam, beginning at the periphery and extending toward the center in spiral form; exit-passages from the buckets leading to the successive chambers; and nozzle-passages leading from said chambers, the number'of the same from each chamber being increased. in proportion to the dimension thereof, whereby the expansive force of the steam will be utilized, and also backage prevented. p

'19. In a turbine-engine, the combination of a suitable casing havingnozzles for delivering to the buckets, of substantially rectan 'ular form; and a turbine-wheel with buc ets of the recurved typeformed in the face thereof .and obliquely therein with the outer portion extended at an acute angle I whereby the mouth of the bucket for the reception of the steam from the nozzle is substantially rectangular in form.

20, In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of asuitable casing; a turbinewheel therein, with obliquely-arranged recurved buckets formed in the opposite faces. thereof, the buckets overlapping each other at each side and the inner points of the buckets from opposite sides alternating with each other and overlapping to secure the maxi-- mum number of buckets within a given space, as specified 7 21. In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a suitable casing; a turbine- Wheel therein, with obliquely-arranged recurved buckets of regular, substantially semicircular contour formed within the opposite faces thereof securing an integral con struction, the buckets overlapping each 5 other at each side, to secure the maximum number of-buckets within a given space, as specified.

22. In an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, the combination of a suitable casing ;a turbinewheel within the casing; buckets in the face of said turbine-wheel, which arerecurved;

an annular groove semicircular incross-section formed within the row of buckets; a

I 1 1 5 groove, whereby t e full effects of the steam are utilized inits reaction in the buckets, for

the pur ose specified.

23. 11 an elastic-fluidturbine-en e, the:

bers therein; a disk with but: ets therein; removable rings for closing the chambers in said casing and-forming nozzle-passa es therefrom to the said buckets, ,the nozz es edges of said" rin s; 'exitepassages through. v, saidrings,als,s eci ed. I

24. In an e astic fluid .turbine-engine',;the'

combination of a suitable casin with'cham- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my bers therein; a disk with buc ets therein; hand and seal in the presence of two witremovable rings for closing the chambers in nesses.

said casing and forming n0zzle-passages CHARLES W. DAKE. [L. 5.] therefrom to the said buckets, the nozzles Witnesses:

being formed by suitable obli 'ue kerfs on the ADELAIDE I. ADAMS,

edges of said rings, as specified.

OTIS A. EARL. 

